Shih Tzu Characteristics: Size, Temperament, Health, and Care
How we researched this guide: This article is based on the American Kennel Club (AKC) official Shih Tzu breed standard, a 2024 Royal Veterinary College VetCompass study of Shih Tzus, and UK VetCompass lifespan data. Last reviewed: September 2026.
The Shih Tzu is a small, sturdy companion dog with a long, flowing coat and a friendly nature. Here is a clear look at the breed’s size, coat, temperament, health, and care needs, based on the official breed standard and veterinary research.
Shih Tzu at a Glance
| Trait | Details |
|---|---|
| Purpose | Companion and house pet |
| Height | Ideally 9 to 10.5 inches at the shoulder (AKC standard) |
| Weight | Ideally 9 to 16 pounds (AKC standard) |
| Coat | Long, dense, double coat; a slight wave is allowed |
| Colors | All colors are allowed and considered equally |
| Temperament | Outgoing, happy, affectionate, friendly, and trusting |
| Median lifespan | About 12.7 years in a large UK study |
| Grooming needs | High for a long coat; lower with a short puppy cut |
Physical Traits
The AKC standard describes a compact, solid dog that carries good weight and substance for its size. Key features include:
- Size: ideally 9 to 10.5 inches tall and 9 to 16 pounds, with a range of 8 to 11 inches allowed.
- Head and face: a round, broad head, large dark eyes, and a short muzzle. The short face makes the breed brachycephalic.
- Coat: luxurious, double-coated, dense, long, and flowing.
- Colors: every color is permitted and judged equally. Our Shih Tzu colors guide explains the common shades and markings.
- Tail: carried in a curve well over the back.
Temperament and Personality
The AKC standard states that the sole purpose of the Shih Tzu is that of a companion and house pet, and that its temperament should be outgoing, happy, affectionate, friendly and trusting towards all. That makes most Shih Tzus people-focused dogs that like to be near their families.
- With children: usually gentle, but a small dog can be injured by rough handling. Supervise young kids.
- With other pets: most get along well when properly socialized.
- Energy: moderate. Short daily walks and indoor play meet most needs. See our exercise guide.
- Barking: many alert-bark at visitors. See our barking guide.
- Trainability: responds well to gentle, reward-based training. See our training guide.
Health and Lifespan
A large UK study of dogs under veterinary care found a median age at death of about 12.7 years for Shih Tzus, and the authors described the breed as relatively long-lived. The same 2024 Royal Veterinary College study found the most common specific problems were periodontal disease (9.5 percent), anal sac impaction (7.4 percent), and ear disorders (5.5 percent). Skin, dental, and eye problems were the most common groups.
Because of their short faces, Shih Tzus can also have breathing difficulties and do not handle heat well. Read our Shih Tzu health problems guide and lifespan guide.
Grooming Needs
A long Shih Tzu coat needs daily brushing to prevent mats, plus regular baths and trims. Many pet owners choose a short puppy cut to make care easier. The eyes, ears, teeth, and rear area also need regular attention. See our grooming guide.
Are Shih Tzus hypoallergenic? No dog breed is truly hypoallergenic. Dog allergens are found in saliva and dander, not just hair. Some people with mild allergies do better with low-shedding dogs, but this varies. Spend time with a Shih Tzu before bringing one home.
Is a Shih Tzu Right for You?
| A good fit if you… | Maybe not ideal if you… |
|---|---|
| Want an affectionate indoor companion | Want a running or hiking partner |
| Are home often | Are away for long hours every day |
| Can commit to regular grooming or professional trims | Want a low-maintenance coat |
| Live in an apartment or house | Live in a very hot climate without air conditioning |
Our Shih Tzu pros and cons guide goes into more detail.
Frequently Asked Questions
How big do Shih Tzus get?
The AKC standard gives an ideal height of 9 to 10.5 inches at the shoulder and an ideal weight of 9 to 16 pounds.
What is the temperament of a Shih Tzu?
The AKC standard describes the Shih Tzu as outgoing, happy, affectionate, friendly, and trusting towards all. The breed was developed as a companion and house pet.
How long do Shih Tzus live?
A large UK study found a median age at death of about 12.7 years, and many Shih Tzus live into their teens.
Do Shih Tzus shed?
Shih Tzus have a long double coat that sheds less than many breeds, but no dog is truly hypoallergenic. Daily brushing removes loose hair before it forms mats.
Are Shih Tzus good with kids?
Many are gentle and friendly with children. Because they are small, supervise young kids and teach them to handle the dog gently.
Sources
- American Kennel Club: Official standard of the Shih Tzu
- Dale F, Brodbelt DC, West G, Church DB, Lee YH, O’Neill DG. Demography, common disorders and mortality of Shih Tzu dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK. Companion Animal Health and Genetics, 2024
This article is for general information. It is not a substitute for advice from your veterinarian. Read our medical disclaimer.
