How to Tell If a Shih Tzu Is Purebred: Papers, DNA, and Red Flags

How we researched this guide: This article is based on the American Kennel Club (AKC) Shih Tzu breed standard and DNA guidance, and the American Shih Tzu Club (ASTC) statement on “imperial” Shih Tzu and designer dogs. Last reviewed: September 2026.

How can you tell if a Shih Tzu is purebred? Looks alone cannot prove it. The only reliable proof is documented ancestry, backed by registration papers and, if needed, a parentage DNA test. Here is what to check and what marketing claims to be wary of.

What “Purebred” Actually Means

The AKC explains that it recognizes a dog as purebred based on documented ancestry, with four generations of recorded pedigree. In other words, purebred status comes from records, not from how a dog looks.

1. Ask for Registration Papers and a Pedigree

• Ask for the litter or puppy registration with a recognized registry such as the AKC or CKC.
• Ask to see a pedigree showing at least three to four generations.
• Make sure the names and registration numbers match the parents you meet.
• Be cautious of “papers” from little-known registries you cannot verify.

Remember that registration shows ancestry. It does not guarantee health or temperament, so also ask about health screening.

2. Understand What DNA Tests Can and Cannot Do

Test	What it does	Proves purebred status?
Parentage DNA (such as the AKC DNA Profile)	Confirms who the sire and dam are	Supports the pedigree records
Breed heritage test (consumer kits)	Estimates breed ancestry by comparing DNA to reference panels	No. The AKC states these are not purity tests.

3. Compare the Dog to the Breed Standard

A purebred Shih Tzu should broadly match the AKC standard, although pet-quality dogs may differ in small ways:

• Size: ideally 9 to 10.5 inches tall and 9 to 16 pounds.
• Coat: luxurious, double-coated, dense, long, and flowing; a slight wave is allowed.
• Colors: all colors are permitted and considered equally.
• Head: round and broad, with large dark eyes and a short muzzle.
• Tail: carried in a curve over the back.
• Temperament: outgoing, happy, affectionate, friendly, and trusting.

Matching the standard is a good sign, but many mixes can look similar. Always rely on records. Our Shih Tzu characteristics guide covers the breed in more detail.

4. Be Wary of “Imperial,” “Teacup,” and Other Labels

The ASTC calls the “imperial” Shih Tzu a myth often used by unethical breeders to sell dogs that do not meet the breed standard. It explains that breeding very small dogs together can create abnormally small puppies that may have health problems. Terms like “teacup,” “imperial,” or “European” Shih Tzu do not describe separate breeds. The AKC standard is the same for every Shih Tzu. Read our imperial Shih Tzu guide to learn more.

5. Choose a Responsible Breeder

• Meet the puppy’s mother, and ideally the father.
• Ask about health testing and vet records.
• Expect the breeder to ask you questions, too.
• Avoid sellers who always have puppies available or push you to decide quickly.
• The ASTC suggests using its breeder referral resources and being skeptical of polished puppy-selling websites.

You can also find wonderful Shih Tzus through breed rescues. See our Shih Tzu adoption and pros and cons guide.

Mixed breed? That is fine. A Shih Tzu mix can be a loving pet. Just make sure the price and health promises match what you are getting. Our Shih Tzu mixes guide covers popular crosses.

Frequently Asked Questions

Sources

• American Kennel Club: Official standard of the Shih Tzu
• American Kennel Club: Why breed heritage tests are not purity tests
• American Shih Tzu Club: The facts about “imperial” Shih Tzu and designer dogs

This article is for general information. It is not a substitute for advice from your veterinarian. Read our medical disclaimer.